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1.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, CONASS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1096397

ABSTRACT

Tecnologia: Os medicamentos Rivaroxabana, Apixabana, Edoxabana e Dabigatrana são anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOACs). Indicação: Prevenção e tratamento de fenômenos tromboembólicos, em pacientes portadores de Fibrilação Atrial Não Valvar (FANV). Pergunta: Os DOACs são eficazes, seguros e custo-efetivos para prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos em portadores de FANV (CHA2DS2VASC >= 2 pontos) e que apresentaram eventos adversos graves, incluindo sangramento maior, ou falha terapêutica em uso de varfarina? Métodos: Levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases eletrônicas Pubmed e Google seguindo estratégias de buscas predefinidas. Foi feita avaliação da qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos e dos estudos econômicos com as ferramentas Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), Delphi List e Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) checklist, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram selecionadas e incluídas 4 revisões sistemáticas, 4 ensaios clínicos e 2 estudos econômicos. Conclusão: As evidências apontam que apixabana e dabigatrana são mais eficazes e seguros que varfarina para prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos em portadores de FANV, previamente anticoagulados com varfarina, que apresentaram eventos adversos graves. Não há estudos econômicos nacionais ou internacionais que avaliem DOACs especificamente para esses casos. Os estudos econômicos disponíveis indicam que, na maioria dos contextos internacionais, os DOACs são custo-efetivos para tratamento de FANV em casos nunca anticoagulados como primeira-linha terapêutica, mas no contexto brasileiro concluem que dabigatrana e rivaroxabana não são custo-efetivos. No SUS, a varfarina é a única opção terapêutica de anticoagulantes para FANV, mesmo para os casos de falha terapêutica ou com eventos adversos graves. Outras opções terapêuticas para esses casos deveriam ser fornecidas pelo SUS, visto que as evidências disponíveis sugerem que pode ser vantajoso migrar de varfarina para apixabana ou dabigatrana (AU)


Technology: The drugs Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Edoxaban and Dabigatran are direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Indication: Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic phenomena, in patients with Non-Valvar Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF). Question: Are DOACs effective, safe and cost-effective for preventing thromboembolic events in patients with NVAF (CHA2DS2VASC> = 2 points) and who have had serious adverse events, including major bleeding, or therapeutic failure using warfarin? Methods: Bibliographic search was performed on Pubmed and Google, following predefined search strategies. Evaluation of the methodological quality of systematic reviews, clinical trials and economic studies was carried out using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), Delphi List and Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) checklist tools, respectively. Results: 4 systematic reviews, 4 clinical trials and 2 economic studies were selected and included. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that apixaban and dabigatran are more effective and safer than warfarin for preventing thromboembolic events in patients with NVAF, previously anticoagulated with warfarin, who had serious adverse events. There are no national or international economic studies that evaluate DOACs specifically for these cases. The available economic studies indicate that, in most international contexts, DOACs are costeffective for treating NVAF in cases never anticoagulated, but in the Brazilian context they conclude that dabigatran and rivaroxaban are not cost-effective. In Brazilian Public Health System, warfarin is the only therapeutic option for anticoagulants for NVAF, even in cases of therapeutic failure or with serious adverse events. Other therapeutic options for these cases should be provided by Brazilian Public Health System, as the available evidence suggests that it may be advantageous to switch from warfarin to apixaban or dabigatran (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Anticoagulants , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Rivaroxaban/adverse effects , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Systematic Review
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(1): 73-82, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991375

ABSTRACT

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), including the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and the direct factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban have at least comparable efficacy as vitamin K antagonists along with a better safety profile, reflected by a lower incidence of intracranial hemorrhage. Specific reversal agents have been developed in recent years. Namely, idarucizumab, a specific antidote for dabigatran, is currently approved in most countries. Andexanet, which reverses factor Xa inhibitors, has been recently approved by the FDA, and ciraparantag, a universal antidote targeted to reverse all DOACs, is still under investigation. In this review we provide an update on the pharmacology of DOACs, the risk of hemorrhagic complications associated with their use, the measurement of their anticoagulant effect and the reversal strategies in case of DOAC-associated bleeding.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Coagulation Factors/therapeutic use , Antithrombins/administration & dosage , Antithrombins/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Hemorrhage/therapy , Pyrazoles/administration & dosage , Pyrazoles/adverse effects , Pyridines/administration & dosage , Pyridines/adverse effects , Pyridones/administration & dosage , Pyridones/adverse effects , Thiazoles/administration & dosage , Thiazoles/adverse effects , Administration, Oral , Risk Factors , Rivaroxaban/administration & dosage , Rivaroxaban/adverse effects , Dabigatran/administration & dosage , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Antidotes/therapeutic use
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 111(3): 394-399, Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973752

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Thrombotic disorders remain one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. Dabigatran appeared as an alternative to warfarin for anticoagulation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The risk associated with bleeding due to its use has been documented in several randomized clinical trials, but no large study has examined in detail the risk of bleeding during dental extraction and other dental procedures involving bleeding. Objective: To compare the intensity of bleeding in individuals taking dabigatran or vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) and undergoing dental procedures. Methods: Prospective, single-center, controlled study with one single observer. Patients diagnosed with nonvalvular AF, on warfarin or dabigatran, cared for at a cardiology referral center, and requiring single or multiple dental extractions, were evaluated up to seven days post-extraction. The following outcomes were assessed: bleeding time between the beginning and the end of suture and complete hemostasis; bleeding before the procedure, after 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, during and after suture removal (late); p<0.05 was defined as of statistical relevance. Results: We evaluated 37 individuals, 25 in the warfarin group and 12 in the dabigatran group. Age, sex, weight, height, blood pressure, color, schooling, family income and comorbidities were similar between the two groups. Regarding bleeding after 24 hours of the procedure, no one in the dabigatran group had bleeding, whereas 32% in the warfarin group had documented bleeding (p = 0.028). The other variables analyzed did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that, regarding dental extraction, there is no statistically significant difference in the intensity of bleeding of patients taking dabigatran as compared to those taking warfarin. Bleeding 24 hours after the procedure was less frequent among patients on dabigatran.


Resumo Fundamento: Distúrbios trombóticos permanecem como uma das principais causas de morte no mundo ocidental. A dabigatrana surgiu como alternativa à varfarina para a anticoagulação no tratamento da fibrilação atrial (FA). O risco associado a eventos hemorrágicos com a sua utilização foi documentado em vários ensaios clínicos randomizados, mas nenhum grande estudo analisou detalhadamente o risco de hemorragia durante a extração dentária e em outros procedimentos odontológicos que envolvam sangramentos. Objetivo: Em indivíduos submetidos a procedimentos odontológicos, avaliar a intensidade de sangramento com o uso de dabigatrana em comparação ao uso de anticoagulante oral antagonista da vitamina K (varfarina). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, controlado, unicêntrico, observador único. Pacientes com diagnóstico de FA não valvar atendidos em um centro de referência em cardiologia e com indicação de anticoagulação que necessitavam de tratamento odontológico para exodontia única ou múltipla, estando em uso de varfarina ou dabigatrana e avaliados até sete dias pós-exodontia. Foram avaliados os efeitos sobre: tempo de sangramento entre o início e o fim da sutura e hemostasia completa; sangramento antes do procedimento, após 24 e 48 horas, 7 dias, durante e após a remoção da sutura (tardio), sendo considerado como estatisticamente significativo valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 37 indivíduos, sendo 25 no grupo varfarina e 12 no dabigatrana. Idade, sexo, peso, altura, pressão arterial, cor, escolaridade, renda familiar e comorbidades foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. Em relação ao sangramento 24 horas após o procedimento, ninguém do grupo dabigatrana apresentou sangramento, que esteve presente em 32% do grupo varfarina (p = 0,028). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação às outras variáveis analisadas. Conclusões: Os dados deste estudo permitem sugerir que, em indivíduos submetidos a procedimento odontológico de exodontia, não há diferença estatisticamente significante na intensidade de sangramento em uso de dabigatrana em comparação ao uso de varfarina. Há uma menor frequência de sangramento 24 horas após o procedimento nos indivíduos em uso de dabigatrana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Warfarin/adverse effects , Blood Loss, Surgical , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Reference Values , Time Factors , Bleeding Time , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(1): 22-25, Jan. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888342

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives To describe anticoagulation characteristics in patients with cardiac complications from Chagas disease and compare participants with and without cardioembolic ischemic stroke (CIS). Methods A retrospective cohort of patients with Chagas disease, using anticoagulation, conducted from January 2011 to December 2014. Results Forty-two patients with Chagas disease who were using anticoagulation were studied (age 62.9±12.4 years), 59.5% female and 47.6% with previous CIS, 78.6% with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and 69.7% with dilated cardiomyopathy. Warfarin was used in 78.6% of patients and dabigatran (at different times) in 38%. In the warfarin group, those with CIS had more medical appointments per person-years of follow-up (11.7 vs 7.9), a higher proportion of international normalized ratios within the therapeutic range (57% vs 42% medical appointments, p = 0.025) and an eight times higher frequency of minor bleeding (0.64 vs 0.07 medical appointments). Conclusion Patients with Chagas disease and previous CIS had better control of INR with a higher frequency of minor bleeding.


RESUMO Objetivos descrever as características da anticoagulação em pacientes com manifestações cardíacas da doença de Chagas (MCDC) e comparar os participantes com sem acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico cardioembólico (AVCIC). Resultados 42 pacientes com MCDC em anticoagulação foram estudados (62,9 ± 12,4 anos), 59,5% do sexo feminino e 47,6% com AVCIC prévio, 78,6% portadores de fibrilação atrial não valvar e 69,7% com cardiomiopatia dilatada. Varfarina foi utilizada em 78,6% dos pacientes e dabigatrana em 38% (em momentos diferentes). No grupo da varfarina, aqueles com AVCIC tiveram mais consultas médicas por pessoas-ano de seguimento (11,7 vs 7,9), maior taxa de RNI na faixa terapêutica (57% vs 42% consultas médicas, p = 0,025) e uma frequência oito vezes maior de sangramento menor (0,64 vs. 0,07 consultas médicas). Conclusão pacientes com MCDC e AVCIC prévio têm melhor controle de RNI com maior frequência de sangramento menor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Brain Ischemia/prevention & control , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Stroke/prevention & control , Embolism/prevention & control , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Warfarin/adverse effects , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/blood , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , International Normalized Ratio , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Anticoagulants/adverse effects
6.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 238-242, jul.-set. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-875568

ABSTRACT

Os pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) têm tendências hemorrágicas e trombóticas e, por isso, a indicação de anticoagulantes é complexa nos indivíduos com fibrilação atrial (FA). A FA é a arritmia mais frequente na DRC, sendo o tromboembolismo e o ictus suas principais complicações. A introdução de novos anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOACs) tem se mostrado superior aos antagonistas da vitamina K, tanto na prevenção de tromboembolismos sistêmicos como no risco de sangramento. Contudo, devem ser prescritos com cautela nesse grupo de pacientes. Para os indivíduos com DRC e clearance renal entre 30 e 50 ml/min, as doses da dabigatrana e da rivaroxabana devem ser reduzidas, no caso de pacientes com elevado risco de sangramento, não havendo necessidade de reduzir as doses de apixabana e edoxabana. Em pacientes com clearance renal entre 15 e 29 ml/min o uso da dabigatrana é contraindicado, a rivaroxabana e a edoxabana não exigem ajuste terapêutico e a dose de apixabana deve ser ajustada. Nenhum dos DOACs é indicado em pacientes com clearance renal < 15 mg/min. Outro problema da terapêutica com os DOACs é o custo do medicamento, muito superior aos dos antagonistas da vitamina K, trazendo algumas implicações clínicas relevantes: suspensão terapêutica por restrições econômicas, que mesmo quando transitória, coloca o paciente em risco de eventos tromboembólicos devido à perda rápida de seus efeitos anticoagulantes e pela possibilidade de hipercoagulabilidade paradoxal. A maior parte da população é tratada em hospitais públicos e recebe os antagonistas de vitamina K. Por isso, enquanto a relação custo-efetividade dos DOACs não for esclarecida, a prevenção e o tratamento de pacientes com DRC e FA com os antagonistas de vitamina K estão consagrados e podem trazer benefícios para esse grupo de pacientes


Patients with chronic renal disease (CRD) have hemorrhagic and thrombotic tendencies, therefore the indication of anticoagulants is complex in individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most frequent arrhythmia in CRD, and thromboembolism and cerebral stroke are its main complications. The introduction of new oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has proven to be superior to vitamin K antagonists in preventing systemic thromboembolisms and bleeding risk. However, they should be prescribed with caution in this group of patients. For individuals with CRD and renal clearance between 30 and 50 ml/min, the doses of dabigatran and rivaroxaban should be reduced, in the case of patients with high risk of bleeding, and it is not necessary to reduce the doses of apixaban and edoxaban. In patients with renal clearance between 15 and 29 ml/min, the use of dabigatran is contraindicated, rivaroxaban and edoxaban do not require therapeutic adjustment, and the dose of apixaban should be adjusted. No DOACs is indicated in patients with renal clearance < 15 mg/min. Another problem with DOACs therapy is the cost of the medication, which is much higher than that of vitamin K antagonists, with some important clinical implications: therapeutic suspension due to economic restrictions, even if temporary, place the patient at risk of thromboembolic events due to the rapid loss of anticoagulant effects and the possibility of paradoxical hypercoagulability. Most of the population is treated in public hospitals, and receives vitamin K antagonists. Therefore, while the cost-effectiveness ratio of DOACs has not been clarified, prevention and treatment of patients with CRD and AF with vitamin K antagonists is consecrated, and can bring benefits for this group of patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Stroke/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Thromboembolism/therapy , Warfarin/adverse effects , Factor X , Prevalence , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/therapy
7.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 30(4): f:334-l:342, jul.-ago 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-846793

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Durante a comercialização de novos medicamentos, efeitos inéditos podem ser descobertos. O dabigratana é um anticoagulante aprovado pela ANVISA em 2008. Objetivos: Avaliar segurança, efetividade, perfil de eventos adversos e adesão terapêutica ao dabigatrana (110 e 150 mg) prescrito para pacientes com fibrilação atrial não valvar. Métodos: Pacientes em uso de dabigatrana foram submetidos a entrevistas ao longo do primeiro ano de tratamento, avaliando-se a prescrição em função da dose, idade, gênero e fatores de risco, bem como a prevalência de eventos adversos e o perfil dos pacientes envolvidos. Resultados: O estudo começou com 139 pacientes havendo redução do número de sujeitos em uso do anticoagulante ao final (10% dose 110 mg e 30% dose 150 mg), sem variação nas proporções dos indivíduos quanto ao gênero (homens@65%), faixa etária (idade inferior a 75 anos@80%), escores de risco para eventos tromboembólicos (CHA2 DS2-VASc≥2 @80%) e hemorrágicos (HASBLED<3 @50% dose 110mg e @85% dose 150 mg). O evento adverso mais comum foi a dispepsia (≥10%), independentemente do gênero, porém com menor frequência na faixa etária superior a 75 anos (@20% dos casos). A dispepsia relacionada ao dabigatrana foi principalmente associada a sua combinação com betabloqueadores (@70%), porém, minoritariamente com antidiabéticos (@20%), antiplaquetários (@10%), inibidores da bomba de prótons (@30%) e antagonistas de receptores H2 (@3%). A adesão foi de @60%, independentemente dos eventos adversos relatados. Não foram observados casos de evento tromboembólico e nem sangramento maior


Background: During its commercialization phase, unprecedented effects of new medicaments can be discovered. Dabigatran is an anticoagulant approved by Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency in 2008. Objectives: To assess safety, effectiveness adverse event profile and adherence to dabigatran (110 mg and 150 mg) prescribed for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods: Patients taking dabigatran were subjected to interviews during the first year of treatment, evaluating the prescription depending on the dose, age, gender and risk factors as well as the prevalence of adverse events and the profile of the patients involved. Results: Between the beginning and the end of the study there was a reduction in the number of subjects using this anticoagulant (10% for the dose of 110 mg and 30% for the dose of 150 mg), without changes in the proportions of individuals regarding to gender (men @65%), age (age <75 anos @80%), anticoagulation previous history (@85%) and risk scores for thromboembolic (CHA2DS2≥VASc = 2 @80%) and bleeding (HASBLED <3 @50% dose 110 mg and @85% dose 150 mg) events. The most common adverse event was dyspepsia (≥10%), regardless of gender, but less frequently in patients over 75 years of age (@20% of cases). Dyspepsia related to dabigatran was mainly associated to its combination with beta-blockers (@70%), but minoritarily with oral hypoglycemic (@20%), antiplatelet agents (@10%), proton pump inhibitors (@30%) and antagonists H2 (@3%). Therapeutic adherence was @60% regardless of the described adverse events. There were no cases of thromboembolic event and major bleeding. Conclusions: Dabigatran has shown to be safe and effective in the evaluated conditions


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiology , Dabigatran/administration & dosage , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Hospitals, Public/trends , Medication Adherence , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Dyspepsia/complications , Hemorrhage , Observational Studies as Topic , Pharmacovigilance , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/therapy , Treatment Outcome
8.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology ; : 205-214, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-194209

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding with dabigatran when compared to warfarin has been controversial in the literature. The aim of our study was to assess this risk with the use of dabigatran. METHODS: We examined the medical records of patients who were started on dabigatran or warfarin from October 2010 to October 2012. The study was conducted in two hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 417 patients were included (208 dabigatran vs. 209 warfarin). GI bleeding occurred in 10 patients (4.8%) in the dabigatran group compared to 21 patients (10.1%) in the warfarin group (p=0.0375). Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were on dabigatran for 100 days (p=0.0007). The odds of GI bleeding in patients who were on dabigatran for 100 days. The incidence of GI bleeding in patients >65 years old was higher than in those 65 years, and a history of previous GI bleeding.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Incidence , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Warfarin/adverse effects
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